On July 11, 2001, the World Health Organization (WHO) conducted a health survey of over 30 countries and regions in Europe, Asia, and the Americas.
The report showed that 57% of adults suffered from varying degrees of fatty liver disease, high blood lipids, high blood pressure, and diabetes. These conditions are becoming increasingly common and are poised to spread further. Due to the degeneration of the structure and physiological functions of organs in the elderly, coupled with a weakening of the immune system and disease resistance, they are more susceptible to chronic diseases.
- Hypertension:
With aging, the elasticity of blood vessels in the elderly decreases, and their ability to regulate blood pressure declines, making them more susceptible to hypertension. High blood pressure not only causes symptoms such as headaches and dizziness, but can also lead to serious complications such as heart disease and stroke. Elderly individuals should monitor their blood pressure regularly, take medication as directed by their doctor, maintain a low-salt, low-fat diet, and exercise regularly to control their blood pressure.
- Diabetes:
The function of the pancreas gradually declines in the elderly, impairing their ability to regulate blood sugar and making them more susceptible to diabetes. Diabetes can cause elevated blood sugar levels, leading to symptoms such as thirst, frequent urination, and weight loss. Long-term effects can also damage vital organs such as the heart, brain, and kidneys. Elderly individuals should control their diet, reduce sugar intake, regularly check their blood sugar levels, and use glucose-lowering medications as needed.
- Osteoporosis:
With aging, elderly individuals experience a decrease in bone mass and density, making them more susceptible to osteoporosis. Osteoporosis can lead to fragile bones and increase the risk of fractures. Elderly individuals should increase their calcium and vitamin D intake and engage in moderate strength training to improve bone density and muscle strength. They should also avoid falls and maintain a safe home environment.
- Cardiovascular Disease:
Decreased heart function and hardening of the blood vessels in elderly individuals can increase their risk of cardiovascular diseases such as coronary heart disease and myocardial infarction. Cardiovascular disease can cause symptoms such as chest pain and difficulty breathing, and in severe cases, can be life-threatening. Elderly individuals should maintain a healthy lifestyle, such as quitting smoking and limiting alcohol consumption, adopting a low-fat diet, and exercising regularly. They should also undergo regular electrocardiograms and echocardiograms to detect and treat these conditions promptly.
- Alzheimer's Disease:
Alzheimer's disease is a neurodegenerative disease with early symptoms of memory loss and disorientation. Donepezil hydrochloride tablets and rivastigmine bitartrate capsules can be used as directed by a doctor to slow progression. Family members should help establish a regular routine and stimulate brain function through cognitive training.
In addition to the aforementioned diseases, elderly people may also face problems such as vision loss, hearing loss, and arthritis. Therefore, they should undergo regular comprehensive physical examinations to promptly identify and address potential health issues. Maintaining a positive attitude and participating in social activities can help maintain physical and mental health and enable a fulfilling later life.
Which Department Should Elderly People See for Illnesses?
- Internal Medical Disorders: Elderly people experiencing respiratory symptoms such as coughing, sputum production, and difficulty breathing should seek medical advice from a respiratory specialist. Gastroenterology is appropriate for gastrointestinal problems such as abdominal pain, diarrhea, and indigestion. Cardiology can provide professional diagnosis and treatment for dizziness, palpitations, and abnormal blood pressure. Colds and pneumonia fall under the purview of respiratory medicine, while gastritis and gastric ulcers fall under the purview of gastroenterology.
- Surgical Conditions: Elderly individuals experiencing trauma, fractures, or superficial swellings should seek medical attention from a surgical department. For example, a leg injury or arm fracture should be treated by an orthopedic surgeon (a branch of surgery). Unexplained lumps and masses can be further examined by a general surgeon. Urology can also provide diagnosis and treatment for urinary stones or tumors causing hematuria or painful urination.
- Neuropsychiatric Issues: Elderly individuals experiencing neurological symptoms such as insomnia, memory loss, limb numbness, or tremors can seek medical attention from a neurology department. If accompanied by psychiatric symptoms such as depression, anxiety, or cognitive impairment, a psychiatric department can provide professional evaluation and treatment. Conditions like Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease require diagnosis and treatment by a neurologist.